Welcome to the Archives of The Paul Rudolph Institute for Modern Architecture. The purpose of this online collection is to function as a tool for scholars, students, architects, preservationists, journalists and other interested parties. The archive consists of photographs, slides, articles and publications from Rudolph’s lifetime; physical drawings and models; personal photos and memorabilia; and contemporary photographs and articles.
Some of the materials are in the public domain, some are offered under Creative Commons, and some are owned by others, including the Paul Rudolph Estate. Please speak with a representative of The Paul Rudolph Institute for Modern Architecture before using any drawings or photos in the Archives. In all cases, the researcher shall determine how to appropriately publish or otherwise distribute the materials found in this collection, while maintaining appropriate protection of the applicable intellectual property rights.
In his will, Paul Rudolph gave his Architectural Archives (including drawings, plans, renderings, blueprints, models and other materials prepared in connection with his professional practice of architecture) to the Library of Congress Trust Fund following his death in 1997. A Stipulation of Settlement, signed on June 6, 2001 between the Paul Rudolph Estate and the Library of Congress Trust Fund, resulted in the transfer of those items to the Library of Congress among the Architectural Archives, that the Library of Congress determined suitable for its collections. The intellectual property rights of items transferred to the Library of Congress are in the public domain. The usage of the Paul M. Rudolph Archive at the Library of Congress and any intellectual property rights are governed by the Library of Congress Rights and Permissions.
However, the Library of Congress has not received the entirety of the Paul Rudolph architectural works, and therefore ownership and intellectual property rights of any materials that were not selected by the Library of Congress may not be in the public domain and may belong to the Paul Rudolph Estate.
LOCATION
Address: 19 Level Street
City: New Haven
State: Connecticut
Zip Code: 06515
Nation: United States
STATUS
Type: Housing
Status: Demolished
TECHNICAL DATA
Date(s): 1968
Site Area:
Floor Area:
Height:
Floors (Above Ground): 2
Building Cost:
PROFESSIONAL TEAM
Client: Oriental Housing Development Corporation
Architect: Paul Rudolph
Associate Architect: Donald Baerman
Landscape: Technical Planning Associates
Structural: Paul Gugliotta
MEP: Hubbard, Lawless & Osborne
QS/PM:
SUPPLIERS
Contractor: Modular Structures, Inc.
Subcontractor(s):
Oriental Masonic Gardens
The project scope is to design a $3.4 million USD federally-aided cooperative deveopment of 143 low and moderate income two-story townhouse apartments designed to solve the housing shortage in New Haven.
The project is conceived by developer Alan Glen, President of Modular Structures, Inc., a Bethesda, Maryland firm specializing in modular construction. The project is sponsored by Oriental Lodge No. 6 of the Prince Hall Masons, a black fraternal organization.
The project offers 2-5 bedroom apartments. Residents are required to submit a $325 USD down payment, with monthly charges ranging from $111.50 USD per month for a two bedroom unit with federal subsidy, to $258.49 USD for a five bedroom apartment for a moderate income family not receiving subsidy.
The final project scheme consists of 148 prefab units on 12.5 acres. It has a total of 333 modules, costing $2,363,000 USD.
The project is demolished in 1981
New housing known as ‘Westfield Manor’ is constructed on the site
“The development has many unique features which I believe will influence housing design in the mass production field.”
“These stacked houses consist of two blocks, one at the ground floor containing a living-dining-kitchen, a second block at the second floor containing the bedrooms and baths. These two blocks face their own courtyard, allowing each ‘house’ to have its own plot of land and identity. By grouping such units in fours around a single core an alternative to the row house or single family house is achieved. Two 3/8 inch sheets of plywood are bound to form vaults, apparently expanding the interior space. Construction started on this project in October, 1969, and will be the first project utilizing the ‘Twentieth Century Brick.’ ”
“In New Haven, in the 60s, I designed some housing using trailers. I had the acquiescence of Mayor Lee, a remarkable mayor indeed. The whole notion of making a project for about 150 people using trailers was difficult to persuade anybody to do. I suppose it was a mistake; it was eventually demolished. People hated it. First of all it leaked, which is a very good reason to hate something, but I think it was much more complicated than that. Psychologically, the good folk who inhabited these dwellings thought that they were beneath them. In other words, the deviation of the dwelling was not something to their liking. I thought, and I suppose the mayor thought, that trailers were perfectly good enough for them. But I should say, in defense of what we built, that it was a pocket court plan and that it provided a separate outside space for each family. There were two stories, with a core at the center. I am very tenacious about certain things, and in the long run it seems to me that with the correcting of mistakes one can make something much more successful.”
DRAWINGS - Design Drawings / Renderings
DRAWINGS - Construction Drawings
DRAWINGS - Shop Drawings
PHOTOS - Project Model
PHOTOS - During Construction
PHOTOS - Completed Project
PHOTOS - Current Conditions
LINKS FOR MORE INFORMATION
RELATED DOWNLOADS
PROJECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Barry Bergdoll, et al. Home Delivery: Fabricating the Modern Dwelling. Museum of Modern Art, 2008.
“Chronological List of Works by Paul Rudolph, 1946-1974.” Architecture and Urbanism, no. 49, Jan. 1975.
Don Metz. New Architecture in New Haven. MIT Press, 1973.
Dorothea M. Brooks. “‘Industrialized’ Housing Likely to Be ‘Answer’ to Shortage of Housing.” Daily Telegram, 29 Oct. 1969.
“Factory Built Homes Beat Higher Prices.” Las Vegas Sun, October 26, 1969. p. 44
John Cook and Heinrich Klotz. Conversations With Architects. Praeger, 1973.
Kendig, Frank. “Facelift for Mobile Homes?” Design and Environment, no. 3, Spring 1972, pp. 42–51, 62.
“La Brique Du 20e Siecle.” Techniques et Architecture 33, no. 33, Feb. 1971, p. 9.
Mackay, David. Multiple Family Housing: From Aggregatin to Intergration. Architectural Book Publishing Company, 1977.
“Modular Apartments in New Haven.” Architectural Record, no. 150, Oct. 1971, p. 41.
“Modular Development.” Architectural Forum, no. 133, Sept. 1970, p. 7.
“Oriental Masonic Gardens.” Architecture and Urbanism, no. 80, July 1977, p. 13,110-113.
Paul Rudolph. Paul Rudolph: Dessins D’Architecture. Office du Livre, 1974.
Paul Rudolph and Sybil Moholy-Nagy. The Architecture of Paul Rudolph. Praeger, 1970.
Ray Faulkner and Sarah Faulkner. Inside Today’s Home. Fourth, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975.
Reif, Rita. “Thanks to Prefabs, out of the Slums and into Their Own Co-Ops.” New York Times, 11 Feb. 1972.
Robert Bruegmann and Mildred F. Schmertz. Paul Rudolph: Dreams + Details. Steelcase Design Partnership, 1989.
“Rudolph’s Oriental Gardens Headed for Demolition.” Progressive Architecture, no. 62, Jan. 1981, p. 44.
Thompson, Elisabeth. “Apartments.” Architectural Record, no. 148, Sept. 1970, p. 143,148-149.
“Twentieth Century Bricks.” Architectural Forum, no. 136, June 1972, pp. 48–51.
Whitehouse, Franklin. “Modular Co-Ops for New Haven.” New York Times, 31 Aug. 1969.
“Wohnquartier in New Haven, Connecticut.” Baumeister, no. 69, May 1972, p. 532,534.